Environmental Management and Sustainable Development Term Paper

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development - Term Paper Example On the other hand, the second principle of 'equitable sharing of international costs and benefits' that requires all nations to share the costs and benefits of environmental adjustments, equitably is not pragmatic. Not all nations are capable enough to share the costs. Some countries are poor, some rich. Some are developing, some developed and other underdeveloped. So, it won't be fair to ask all of them to share costs equitably. So, the principle must be reviewed and be formulated in such a way that the countries pay costs according to their ability and benefits according to their need. If the environment faces any damage, it would impact everyone, irrespective of who paid how much. So, a practical approach is what is required. For example, the principle of the present generation ensuring that the future generation gets at least a healthy environment that's worth living in. We must make sure that we do not waste resources now and leave a sufficient amount for the next generation. So, we must use more renewable resources rather than the non-renewable ones. Besides, the principles of avoiding irreversible damage to the environment, valuing environmental assets appropriately and the thought that the polluter and the user pays will help in preventing environmental degradation substantially. Meanwhile, some countries, especially the underdeveloped, developing and poor ones, might require a greater share of the benefits of implementing the precautionary measures.So, the principle must be reviewed and be formulated in such a way that the countries pay costs according to their ability and benefits according to their need. If the environment faces any damage, it would impact everyone, irrespective of who paid how much. So, a practical approach is what is required.  

Lekythos Essay Example for Free

Lekythos Essay A lekythos is an ancient Greek vase made of ceramic; the plural of lekythos is lekythoi (Reference #2). It has a narrow neck, single handle, and is tall with a small, deep mouth (Reference #7). The lekythos was used as a flask, used to hold olive oil and perfumes (Reference #1), and were developed in ancient Athens during the fifth century. In Classical Athens, lekythoi were painted in white ground with figurative scenes. White ground is a form of art used by Athenians in which they created the vase, fired it, and then the lekythos was painted in white. The figures and scenes were then painted on top of the white ground. This method meant that the paintings did not last as well, but were very beautiful in their original state (Reference # 8). Lekythoi were mainly used during funerary rituals, but they were also used by Greek athletes. In ancient Greece, the athletes would practice and compete outdoors, getting themselves covered in sand and dirt. Rather than cleaning themselves at the bath-house, they would rub themselves down with olive oil from a lekythos, then scrape off the excess dirt and oil, leaving their skin soft and clean (Reference #8). The lekythoi used by athletes would be covered in depictions of scenes from Greek mythology, often including imagery of Greek goods such as Zeus and Achilles (Reference #8). The role of lekythoi in funerary rituals is made clear by their excavation from cemeteries and tombs (Reference #7). A lekythos that was meant to be used during a burial ceremony would be painted with scenes of mourning or scenes from the life of the deceased (Reference #5). These lekythoi were sometimes painted with scenes depicting Greek gods, perhaps to cast the deceased in the light of heroic warriors of history (Reference #8). Researchers have been able to put together the funeral process the Athenians went through, and have found that lekythoi played a key role in funerary rites. Firstly, a lekythos would be brought in during the preparation of the body for burial. The body would be prepared by a woman from the same household as the deceased, and it would then be anointed by the oil from the lekythos (Reference #6). Secondly, some lekythoi were filled with scented oils and perfumes and placed around the body, while others were set along the approach to the grave or placed beside the tomb (Reference #5). This was done as a part of the religious focus of the burial ceremony, and was given as an offering. Lastly, a lekythos would often be brought to the gravesite or tomb of the deceased after the burial. It was very important to ancient Greeks to visit the gravesite of loved ones quite often, and when they visited, they would bring offerings to the deceased such as fruit, a feast, or a lekythos filled with olive oil or perfume (Reference #6). In time, the Lekythos was developed into a much larger version of itself, being called â€Å"Huge Lekythoi†. These were often left on top of a grave, or beside a tomb opening, almost as an ancient grave marker (Reference #7). Though they would not be inscribed with any words or the name of the deceased, they would have a painted scene depicting the deceased, some scene from their life, or a scene depicting a sport or activity the deceased greatly enjoyed. Many lekythoi have been recovered and are currently housed in museums all over the world. Though many are not in their original glory, most have been reconstructed. New lekythoi have been made in Greece and are still used today in some small Greek communities during the preparation of the body, and left by the tombstone of the deceased.

Womens Reproductive Rights and Marital Rights :: Womens Issues Compare Contrast

Women's Reproductive Rights and Marital Rights: A Comparison of Twenty Countries As early as 1871, Elizabeth Cady Stanton recognized that suffrage alone would not guarantee women’s emancipation. Rather, she noted that in order for a woman to be a truly equal and independent citizen, she must possess the ability to control her own circumstances. "The pride of every man is that he is free to carve out his own destiny. A woman has no such pride" (DuBois, 1981:140). Through this recognition she acclaimed that women must have the ability to control their own lives, namely the ability to choose and control the uses of their bodies. Yet, in the present world, there exists a dramatic variation from state to state regarding women’s control over their bodies in reproductive and marital issues. Why is it that in countries such as Canada and the United States, women are able to prosecute their husbands for rape, yet in countries such as Sudan, females are genitally mutilated with no recourse; in Brazil, violence against women is difficult to prosecute; and in India many woman have no choice concerning their marriage partner? What accounts for this variation? Is the source of this variation rooted in the political participation of women or does the variation stem from socio-economic modernization? Is bodily control determined by the ideological affiliations of parties within the state? This paper seeks to answer these questions using cross-national data drawn from twenty countries. Three Theories on the Status of Women For a woman, effective control over her reproductive, bodily and marital choices is a prerequisite for achieving choice in other areas of her life. Due to technological advances, reproductive control is possible. However, for this control to become a reality, women need access to information and medical services. Access to these materials is often obstructed by state policies, ignorance, religious restrictions, economic impediments as well as other factors. For instance, in Ireland abortion and abortion counseling are illegal as a result of a constitutional amendment passed in 1983, whereas in Norway women have uninhibited access to abortion (United Nations,1989). The degree of control that a woman possesses over her bodily and marital choices varies greatly from one country to another. According to the literature on women in politics and women in development, a number of variables may account for this cross-national variation in levels of control (Bystydzienski, 1995; Haussman, 1992 ; Hazou, 1992; Kardam, 1991; Leahy, 1986; Meyer, 1987; Scott, 1995).

Farewell to Arms by Hemingway

Roxane Noffra Mr. Livingston 06/11/2012 Task 2 In uk/farewell-to-manzanar-2/">Farewell to arms, written by Hemingway, we can appreciate how the (Henry) protagonist grew due to his relationship with Catherine and his experiences in war. His growth represents a genre convention: a typical development in the characters, overall in the protagonists. At the beginning of this book, Henry is characterized as being a drunken, womanizer fascinated with the nightlife; in fact, when he knew Catherine, he considered her just as another adventure, as the women he used to meet in the brothel.In chapter 3, it’s easy to noticed how Henry indulged the temptation preferring to drink and having fun with girls, just for pleasure, without getting involved in a serious relationship â€Å" . . . and the strange excitement of waking and no knowing who it was with you . . . † (pag. 13). Through his best friend Rinaldi, Henry met Catherine, the woman that will influence his changed.She was a mat ure woman, a woman that had a fiancee who died in a battle before they could get married; In fact, she had a different perspective of war from Henry’s point of view, she was more realistic about it instead Henry was not even interesting in the war, he did not really know why he joined the war effort. However, as his experiences in war intensify, he became deeply pessimistic about the war. However, he realizes that his love for Catherine is the only thing he is willing to commit himself to, considering her as his religion.One of the relevant developments of Henry character is how his point of view toward war changed. On chapter 5 the difference between Catherine and Henry’s point of view is highlighted through their conversation in which Catherine looks more mature and realistic â€Å" . . . Let’s drop the war. † Henry said, Catherine answered, â€Å"It’s very hard. There’s not place to drop it† but on chapter 9 when Henry had more exp erience and is in love with Catherine his point of view changed, when he responded to Passini that omething worse than war is defeat (pg. 50). In point of fact, Henry became pessimist toward war. Some of his arguments were that he had not seen or appreciated any kind of glory or sacred (pg. 185), something that they were supposed to feel and go through in war. This conversation with the Italian soldier Gino, stand out how he was growing through his experiences. He claimed that the people sacrificed themselves for nothing; there were not results in war just more number of deaths.Previously, Henry did not consider his relationship with Catherine a serious one. However when he was wounded, learned to value life and to prepare him to enter into a love relationship with Catherine. His first step to realize, that his feelings toward Catherine were different can be read in the next passage â€Å"I had treated seeing Catherine very lightly, I had gotten somewhat drunk and had nearly forgot ten to come but when I could not see her there I was feeling lonely and hollow. † (pg. 41).Here Henry is realizing that with her he was changing his manner of treat women and that being away from her affected him. First of all, she was the first person whom gave him a reason of being scared of, since had something to lose; there is a quote on page 137 said by Catherine before she confessed his pregnancy â€Å"Life isn’t hard to imagine when you’ve nothing to lose. † Here she means that until that point they did not have any to loose but now they were going to have a baby: an objective in life.But for Henry the thing that he had more fear of losing was Catherine, as we can read in the last chapter â€Å" . . . you took the baby but don’t le her die. That was all right but don’t let her die. Please, please, dear God . . . † (pg. 330) also we can see how the character desperately pleaded with God to save his love, something that never occ urred in the novel before. On contrary, Henry never showed any kind of belief in God. In fact, his relation-ship with Catherine had been the main reason of his development.Being in company with a brave and mature woman taught him those characteristics. His growth is very clear: from a guy that did never feel in love, whom loved to drink and have fun, became a responsible and mature guy, something that even his closest friend noticed. Through his experiences, he understood that one must be engaged in life and be responsible. In fact, the development of this character represents a genre convention; the author used the relationship between Henry and Catherine to highlight Henry’s growing.

Multinationals Advantages and Disadvantages

Multinational business relies on its imports and exports around the world. Factories may be set up in different areas of the world and have their business based on the import and export of raw materials, which is what is done by most of them.Developing countries can gain more from multinationals since they help increase labor and its opportunities, which then means that the average income of a person will increase allowing them to spend more and lead a better life-style, which helps the tax bases to increase due to people wanting to spend more, often on things they could not afford earlier, and if the tax base increase, the government will be able to supply more for their people and give better health support, better education and help the country to develop more.This could also help in stabilizing the economic system, and increasing the GDP and GNP. International firms that are implanted in developing countries will also help in educating part of the population by teaching the emplo yees the skills required for the job, making it a greater number of educated people. However, multinationals do not always have a good impact on the global business environment, especially in developed countries, as outsourcing to developing countries is happening which causes for jobs to be lost in developed countries and thus, making the average income lower.Also, small businesses do not benefit from this as they are dominated by the multinationals and their brand names. Their impact on our environment is not good, as they produce a lot of waste products, which are not always recycled or used properly, especially in smaller, less developed countries as the laws and restrictions are not always applied.

The Cruise Ship Industry Effects Essay Essays

The Cruise Ship Industry Effects Essay Essays The Cruise Ship Industry Effects Essay Essay The Cruise Ship Industry Effects Essay Essay 1. ( a ) Critically evaluate the impacts that the sail ship industry has on finishs. ( B ) Suggest recommendations that can be used to minimise or extenuate the jobs Identified in inquiry 2a. 1. Critically evaluate the impacts that the sail ship industry has on finishs. The Caribbean represents the chief market for the sail industry. As a major finish. the Caribbean cruised has been activated since early 1980. and has identified itself with the cruising industry over the old ages. While there are clearly benefits to be gained from sail ship visits. there are besides issues which finishs must see. in order to optimise benefits and cut down negative impact. ( Maning. 2006 ) . The chief challenges encountered by triping the sail ship industry in the Caribbean are as followed: environment challenges. keeping market portion and growing forms. the concentration of the cruising industry. the addition in ships capacity. congestion. natural catastrophes. variegation of the merchandise offered and competition with hotels. ( Dridea et al. n. vitamin D ) . Environmental Impacts The environmental impacts of the sail industry may be positive or negative. This industry may promote an grasp of the environment. and generate support and financess for environmental protection. but it can besides degrade the Marine and next tellurian environment. The environmentalcosts of the sector are incalculable given that the sail ship industry is unregulated and hard to estimate widely its impacts. despite implementing environmental criterions for the industry. For illustration. the debut of the sail transportation Port Facilities in Falmouth has posed negative impact on the environment. Mott Macdonald ( 2007 ) postulates that the major impacts expected from the development of the Port Facilities in Falmouth includes: loss of home ground and biodiversity such negative impacts are a major concern to Jamaican coastal countries where the reefs are already stressed from a figure of anthropogenetic and natural menaces. loss of fish home ground broadening of the entryway of the channel will partly take the reef wall which is a primary home ground to Bermuda Chub. The possible exists for break to angle home ground. spawning and feeding evidences and perchance fish migratory paths. This represents a direct long-run inauspicious impact to the fish community on the reef and in the seaport. Other environmental impact includes: Loss of Coral Cover Ecological Impacts ( its associated vegetations and zoologies ) Increased fresh H2O overflow due to enlargement of paved country Increased possible for oil spills Economic Impact The sail industry has the possible to supply economic benefits to a port province. These economic benefits arise from five chief beginnings: 1 ) disbursement by sail riders and crew ; 2 ) the shore side staffing by the sail lines for their central office. selling and tour operations 3 ) outgos by the sail lines for goods and services necessary for sail operations ; 4 ) disbursement by the sail lines for port services ; and 5 ) outgos by sail lines for the care. The sail industry has provided the highest economic part for the United State Virgin Island. harmonizing to the study conducted by the U. S. -based organisation Business Research and Economic Advisors ( BREA ) during the period of 2005-2006 sail twelvemonth. it was concluded that the entire sail touristry expenditures in U. S. Virgin Islands summed up to $ 362 million. St. Maarten had the 2nd highest per rider disbursement rate and the highest outgo rate. ensuing in $ 246 million in cruise touristry outgos. However. over accent on the economic benefits derived from touristry has frequently led to adverse physical and societal effects. The ground for this is the simple fact that. as touristry development and tourer activity expands. so excessively does the possible injury. societal impact and potency for human induced injury and perturbation to finish occupants and the environment ( Jackson 2006 ) . Kenneth ( 2003 ) . besides concur with Jackson that even though the sail sector has opened up an chance for heavy usage and instantaneous hard currency flow from short term but intense usage. this had added force per unit area onto land-based installations. ensuing in congestion. programming and control jobs. which have affected visitant satisfaction which will ensue in diminution sail visitants. Other experts in the field agreed with the statements reference above that as the sail ships continue to turn larger. further investing may be required. Under these types of touristry scenarios with high substructure or environmental costs. rapid growing of touristry may ensue in a stagnancy of or even a diminution in GDP ( Gooroochurn et Al ( 2005 ) ; Nowak et Al ( 2003 ) and Nowak et Al ( 2007 ) . Social impacts Interactions between occupant and sail riders can hold positive effects offering occupants the possibility of larning about the universe and research new life positions. The largest societal issue for a finish is people pollution ; increasing sail activities restrict the infinite of occupants and sometimes force them to follow different moral behaviors. Suggest recommendations that can be used to minimise or extenuate the jobs Identified in inquiry 2a. In order for a finish to minimise or extenuate the jobs associated with the sail industry they need to follow in the ‘footsteps’ of the Eastern Canadian. with the debut of sail ships into that environmentally sensitive countries of the Eastern Canadian Arctic raises many concerns. However. the World Wide Fund for Nature ( WWF ) introduced a set of rules. when implemented. could assist in the protection of the Arctic and its environment from negative effects caused by touristry. I concur with Kenneth Atherley ( 2003 ) . that in order to minimise the added force per unit area onto land-based installations. ensuing in congestion. programming and control jobs. which have affected visitant satisfaction. States need to implement the scheme of Bermuda which placed a cap on sail touristry. this scheme outline that non more than two ( 2 ) ships should be at the Port at one clip. and each rider have to pay $ 60 caput revenue enhancement. ships runing in their H2O must use Caribbean subjects. pay US $ 1. 5 million towards an instruction fund ; each rider must hold a US $ 30 verifier at the ship’s disbursal. Additionally. another manner to work out the jobs associated with the sail industry in the Caribbean part lies with the touristry policymakers ; they need to work collaboratively with all stakeholders. with the ultimate end of maximising the benefits derived from touristry. while at the same clip minimising costs/negative impacts. They can besides implement transporting capacity schemes which aimed at keeping the balance between societal and ecological monitoring plans. Other schemes to extenuate the negative impact caused by the sail industry is to supervise and measure the impact of sail touristry on the natural. societal and cultural environment in order to guarantee the preservation of the resource base ; continuously assess the transporting capacity of the bing attractive forces and services used by the sail visitant. and develop mechanisms for the direction of these sites on a sustainable footing. Promote the sweetening of bing attractive forces and installations and the development of new 1s ; set up and pull off strong relationships with the sail industry to guarantee reciprocally good results ; develop appropriate coders which efficaciously convert sail riders to hanker stay visitants. Mentions Dridea R. and Mihai. . B ( n. vitamin D ) . The Impact of the Cruising Industry on Local Destination Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. scribd. com/doc/13728721/Gooroochurn N. and Blake A. . ( 2005 ) . Tourism Immiserization: Fact or Fiction? Feem Working Paper No. 143. 05. Fondazione Eni Enrico Matei. Jackson.L. A. ( 2006 ) . Bettering the negative impacts of touristry: a Caribbean position. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 18 ( 7 ) . 574-582. Retrieved from Emerald Database. Kenneth A. ( 2003 ) . Cruise Industry–Related Challenges Facing Caribbean Destinations. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. linkbc. ca/torc/downs1/CaribbeanCruiseIndustry. pdf Maning T. ( 2006 ) . Pull offing Cruise Ship Impacts: Guidelines for Current and Potential Finish Communities. Retrievied from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tourisk. org/content/projects/Managing % 20Cruise % 20Ship % 20Impacts. pdf Nowak J. J. . Sahli. M. And Sgo. P. ( 2003 ) . Tourism. trade and domestic public assistance. Pacific Economic Review. 8 ( 3 ) . pp. 245-258.Nowak J. J. . . and Sahli. M. . ( 2007 ) . Coastal touristry and â€Å"Dutch diseases† in a little island economic system. Tourism Economics. 13 ( 1 ) . pp. 49-65.

Definition and Examples of Indexicality

Definition and Examples of Indexicality In pragmatics (and other branches of linguistics and philosophy), indexicality encompasses the features of a language that refer directly to the circumstances or context in which an utterance takes place. All language has the capacity for indexical function, but some expressions and communicative events suggest more indexicality than do others. (Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods, 2008). An indexical expression (such as today, that, here, utterance, and you) is a word or phrase that is associated with different meanings (or referents) on different occasions. In conversation, interpretation of indexical expressions may in part depend on a variety of paralinguistic and non-linguistic features, such as hand gestures and the shared experiences of the participants. Examples and Observations of Indexicality Among philosophers and linguists, the term indexicality typically is used to distinguish those classes of expressions, like this and that, here and now, I and you, whose meaning is conditional on the situation of their use, from those such as, for example, noun phrases that refer to a class of objects, whose meaning is claimed to be specifiable in objective, or context-free terms. But in an important sense, namely a communicative one, the significance of a linguistic expression is always contingent on the circumstances of its use. In this sense, deictic expressions, place and time adverbs, and pronouns are just particularly clear illustrations of a general fact about situated language.(Lucy A. Suchman, What Is Human-Machine Interaction? Cognition, Computing, and Cooperation, ed. by Scott P. Robertson, Wayne Zachary, and John B. Black. Ablex, 1990)Direct Indexicality, DudeDirect indexicality is a meaning  relationship that holds directly between language and the stance, act, activit y, or identity indexed. . .An illustration of this process can be seen in the American-English address term dude (Kiesling, 2004). Dude is used most frequently  by young white men and indexes a stance of casual solidarity: a friendly, but crucially not intimate, relationship with the addressee. This stance of casual solidarity is a stance habitually taken more by young white American men than other identity groups. Dude thus indirectly indexes  young, white  masculinity as well.Such descriptions of indexicality are abstract, however, and do not take into account the actual context of speaking, such as the speech event and the identities of the speakers determined through other perceptual modes, such as vision. (S. Kiesling, Identity in Sociocultural Anthropology and Language.  Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics, ed. by J.L. Mey. Elsevier, 2009) Indexical Expressions- The success of a deictic act of reference to a given book by means of an indexical expression like This book, for instance, requires the presence of the book within the visual field shared by the interlocutors, just like its gestural indication. But indexical expressions are not necessarily put to deictic use. Definite noun phrases and third person pronouns allow for anaphoric and cataphoric use. During anaphoric indication, the expression remains the same, but the field undergoes a change. The expression does not typically refer to an individual physically given in the perceptual field, but necessarily refers to an entity previously or subsequently named within the same discourse or text: Im reading a paper on cataphora. I find it (this paper) interesting.(Michele Prandi, The Building Blocks of Meaning: Ideas for a Philosophical Grammar. John Benjamins, 2004)- The most frequently noted indexicals  are personal pronouns (I, we, you, etc.), demonstratives (thi s, that), deictics (here, there, now), and tense and other forms of time positioning (smiles, smiled, will smile). Our understanding of both spoken utterances and written texts must be anchored in the material world. To understand a sentence such as, Would you take this over there, we need a provisional location for myself (the speaker- a meaning for here), for you (my addressee), for the object (this), and for the goal intended (there). (Ronald Scollon and Suzanne B. K. Scollon, Discourses in Place: Language in the Material World.  Routledge, 2003)

Simmons Surname Meaning and Family History

Simmons Surname Meaning and Family History The specific etymology of the Simmons surname has been difficult for historians to establish. Several possible origins include: A patronymic surname derived from the Biblical name Simon or Simund, from the Greek form of the Hebrew name Shimon which meant hearkening or listening.A patronymic surname from the personal name Simund, meaning  victorious protector, from the Old Norse  sig, meaning  victory,  and mundr, or protection.  A possible evolution of the name Seaman, meaning navigator or sailor. SIMMONS was the 92nd most common American surname in the 1990 U.S. census but had fallen out of the top 100 common U.S. surnames by the time of the 2000 U.S. census. Surname Origin:  English, German and French Alternate Surname Spellings:  SIMOND, SIMMONDS, SYMONDS, SIMONS, SIMMANCE, SIMMENCE, SEMMENS, SEAMANS Famous People with the Surname SIMMONS Russell Simmons - co-founder of the pioneering hip-hop label, Def JamJean Simmons - English actressRichard Simmons - American fitness trainer Where is the SIMMONS Surname Most Common? The Simmons surname is most prevalent in the United States, according to surname distribution information from  Forebears, where it ranks as the 104th most common last name. It is also somewhat common in England (286th), Australia (342nd) and Wales (377th). Surname distribution maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  show the Simmons surname is especially common in the American southeast, including the states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, West Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Genealogy Resources for the Surname SIMMONS Simmons Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Simmons family crest or coat of arms for the Simmons surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. SIMMONS DNA ProjectMore than 300 members have joined this project for the Simmons surname (and variants such as Simons) to  work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information. SIMMONS Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Simmons ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Simmons ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - SIMMONS GenealogyExplore over 8  million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Simmons surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Simmons RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Simmons surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Simmons Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Simmons surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Simmons SurnameExplore over 6.8  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Simmons surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com- References: Surname Meanings OriginsCottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Local Development Frameworks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Local Development Frameworks - Essay Example This is often done through a system based on a simplified policy hierarchy, which includes a system that gives priority to higher-quality development. Structure plans, local plans, and unitary development plans are often replaced by local development frameworks prepared by district and unitary authorities (Carmona and Gallent, p. 32). The Local Development Framework is a separate but complimentary folder of planning documents (Kerrier, 2006). It sets out the social, economic, and environmental objectives for a specific area, drawing heavily on the community strategies, which local authorities and their partners have prepared. With land, the LDF sets out strategies for achieving these objectives. There are other related strategies, which the content of LDF takes into account, and it is through the strategies and spending program, which becomes an aspect of the vision and objectives of the LDF (ibid). The right amount of new development of the right type is set out by the Local Development Framework. Policies are laid down in order to set out the criteria that development proposals are assessed against. Developmental Management Policies are the policies included in the LDF in testing proposals that ensue through the planning application process. LDF provides a context on how development is seen to contribute to sustainable development within the surrounding area for everybody's benefit. Local Development Frameworks have a key faci... varieties of forms that partnership between developers and LDF can be undertaken, and the roles that LDF can take may vary (Keeping and Shiers, 2004, p. 33). Planning allocation is one area considered pertinent in urban regeneration and development potential and value greatly affects development land allocation. At this very early stage, a partnership between the LDF and real estate developers can be adopted while mutual benefits are laid down (Keeping and Shiers, 2004). In terms of real estate development process, it must be noted that the production of housing targets starts at the regional level, where policy guidance is produced by regional planning conferences along with the regional government offices. Public comment is gathered and an Examination in Public tests the guidance in which participants are invited to give comments on it in the presence of an independent Chair. With the regional bodies directing the process, it may be inferred that this system is less "top-down" and is certainly more inclusive. Regional assemblies link directly with the Local Development Frameworks, which are subsequently produced by local planning authorities (Ratcliffe, 2001, p. 536). It must also be considered that there are different systems of development control but a major theme runs through all these systems. Each of these systems attempts to find a balance between certainty and flexibility in decision-making. There is said to be a growing importance of pre-application discussions and a corresponding need to keep the planning policies based on LDF more up-to-date. Moreover, transaction costs of development control must be decreased and shifted to an earlier stage in the process (Buitelaar, 2007, p. 165). The Roles of Local Development Frameworks in the Real Estate

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 308 Essay

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 308 - Essay Example This paper will present an outline marketing plan report that suggests a marketing strategy for AQC cranberry juice for the next one year. It will highlight the positioning, marketing mix, and marketing communication strategy for the company, which will based on a provisional budget that seeks to attain 20% growth in the next one year. In the UK and across the world, juice is consumed in numerous households. However, in the past decade, the juice market has suffered the adverse effects as the popularity of diets that are low-carb in nature has increased. The constant price sales between 2008 and 2014 have declined by up to 15%, although sales are expected to increase slightly by the end of 2015 (Falguera & Ibarz, 2014: p47). Still, there has been growth in the functional and healthy juice product line with consumers presently looking for natural and healthy juices. A recent survey by Mintell (2012: p33) concluded that approximately 90% of the juice consumer market are now actively looking for products that are 100% juice, while nutrient of vitamin enhancement was essential for ~65% of consumers and 25% and 50% of consumers look for low-carb and low-sugar juice products respectively. Mintel (2012: p33) identifies relatively high consumption of juice fruit in households with high income and children, along with hous eholds with younger adults as the heads. Households with children, overall, show increased rates of juice consumption, which emphasizes the importance of young families to the fruit juice market. This paper will present a report on AQC’s marketing plan for the next year between January and December 2015. The marketing plan’s aim is to capture at least 20% of the juice industry market share within this period of one year. The juice market has a high level of segmentation with refrigerated juices holding more than 40% of the segment, while also showing an increase of 4.2% between 2012 and 2013 (statista.com, 2013:

Popular Culture (4-2) Class Participation Assignment

Popular Culture (4-2) Class Participation - Assignment Example The way that John’s character unfolds and is portrayed also affected the way I thought about him. The movie builds and revolves around him in such a manner that I started connecting with the character. The fact that he was a cop and was a sober man also helped in recognizing him as a hero. He showed signs of being a good natured, stable, modest and no-nonsense man. All theses qualities assured me as John’s character being central and that of a hero. The film was released in 1988 and was an American action Film. And I feel that how the hero is portrayed in a movie, to a good extent is dependent on what the viewers want to see. This was the time when people wanted to see the character of hero being a common man with whom the audience could relate to and this trend still continues. The action movies during that time were completely a one-man show, though there used to be a back-up provided for the hero from other characters but in all indirect means. Till this time people expected a little more realistic planning and thinking from the hero. Therefore, the character of John McClane showed no signs of being a perfect and extremely skilled guy but still somehow being able to sort out everything in the end in a smart way and in his own

An urban precedent explaining why your choice of city illustrates Essay

An urban precedent explaining why your choice of city illustrates appropriate qualities necessary in a sustainable city - Essay Example The central theme of the Cliff City project is ‘green’ architecture, meaning that it firmly lays emphasis on sustainability and preservation of surrounding ecology. Apart from the usual urban provisions for a library, pub and cafà ©, the project features such innovations as roof-top gardens and has equipment installed for tapping wind and solar energy. Examples such as these not only point the future direction of urban architecture, but also expose the deficiencies of conventional methods of design and construction that was insensitive to the demands of the environment. For example, urban planners throughout the twentieth century paid very little attention to how their constructions will interact with the enveloping environment. The design of Cliff City project near Portland, Dorset breaks away from this tradition, in that it sees architecture as an organic enterprise. It is also informed by the drawbacks of traditional styles of architecture, as it attempt to incorpora te remedial measures toward preservation of organic world. In this respect, the Cliff City stands as a near-perfect model for the perusal of urban planners. Planet Earth is already being damaged by industrial effluents, over-exploitation of water resources, alarming levels of toxic pollutants like carbon monoxide and the phenomenon of Global Warming. In the backdrop of humanity’s appalling record at preserving the natural environment, projects such as the Cliff City, serve as ideal examples of how urban architecture should to be approached in the future. Cliff City’s more relevant today than at any time in the past, as planet earth is confronted with problems of over-population, increased urbanization, genetically modified seeds in agriculture, rising sea levels, etc. A good starting point for mitigating this precarious situation would be the adoption

Thinking How to Quit Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thinking How to Quit Smoking - Essay Example Experts consider smoking as an expression of escapist tendencies, whereby, people result in the use of cigarettes, which induce a sense of wellness despite the lack of wellness. This makes it extremely difficult to stop; therefore, addicts need to prepare themselves both physically and psychologically for the impending challenges (Robinson). Experts qualified in dealing with rehabilitation of addicts from addictive behaviors recommend addicts to outline a list of reasons why they intend to eliminate an addictive habit. They posit that this facilitates the acknowledgement of an existence of a problem. In the case, of someone struggling with an addiction to smoking, the list helps to pinpoint the reasons leading to smoking as an addiction. This plays a crucial role in addressing the psychological implications associated with smoking. The list also serves as a reality check, whereby, an individual discovers the issues which require immediate attention. Eliminating issues responsible for inducing cigarette cravings allows one to be psychologically ready to kick the unhealthy habit to the curb. This also generates the willpower to confront future issues, which might be detrimental to the progress of staying nicotine free. Counselors also encourage individuals to find alternate, constructive ways to deal with these feelings and situations. Experts recommend the designing of a personal help plan, which ought to be unique or specific to an individual’s needs. This customized plan ought to address the intended reasons for quitting smoking. These experts further recommend that copies of the personal help plan ought to be placed in areas which used to be storage places for cigarettes (Robinson). Dealing with the physical addiction also presents an enormous challenge to individuals struggling with the addiction of smoking. During the initial days of quitting, withdrawal symptoms occur frequently. They include; nausea, dizziness, restlessness and headaches among othe rs. Withdrawal symptoms represent the body’s way of indicating deprivation of a certain substance; in this case nicotine. Individuals attempting to quit smoking ought to have prepared well in advance for the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms. Establishing a strong willpower to brave through the withdrawal symptoms marks the first step of preparation. Experts recommend other ways to deal with the withdrawal symptoms resulting from nicotine deprivation. Firstly, they recommend frequent deep inhalation. This allows an individual to remain relaxed despite the discomfort brought about by withdrawal symptoms, which might cause a panic attack. Secondly, they recommend the intake of water in large quantities. Water assists in the flushing of toxins out of the body. In addition, they recommend that individuals in withdrawal ought to keep their sugar levels slightly higher during the initial withdrawal phase. This helps to cater for the sugar-related cravings brought about by the absen ce of nicotine in the body (Health). Experts also recommend that individuals to prepare for the onset of a few extra pounds. They cite exercise and a proper, well-balanced nutrition as one of the ways to shed off the extra pounds or maintain an individual’s desired weight. It is crucial for a person to consult with their physician before embarking on the quitting process especially if they suffer from other

Corporate Structures and Governance Arrangements Vary Widely From Essay

Corporate Structures and Governance Arrangements Vary Widely From Country to Country - Essay Example In normal parlance, the corporate governance (CG) has given more emphasis on disclosure, internal mechanisms and transparency with much focus to the financiers of the business. As per OECD (2004), this does not connote that the significance of stakeholders in general is deprived off1. Initially, Jensen and Meckling (1976) advocated stakeholder theory and then followed by Freeman (1984) who advocated an agency concept of accountability. Enron scandal resulted in the introduction Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which is a chief chapter in the vibrant annals of Anglo-American corporate governance renaissance2. As per OECD, managerial accountability elucidates governance responsibilities and roles and to make sure that shareholder’s interest and managerial interest are lined up and supervised by the board of directors3. The term â€Å" managerial accountability â€Å" can be defined as an understanding of a cluster of desired and predetermined yardsticks by which employees and manage ment alike, which can be gauged to be held responsible for specific actions or decision vis-a-vis some clearly explained role or responsibilities in a company4. As per Fisher(2004), the managerial accountability is nothing but the delegation of power which means of integrating relationships between institutions , demarcating responsibilities , improving legitimacy , controlling authority , and finally promoting democracy within a company and thus , the main goal of developing accountability is establishing trust in governance institutions in companies. In UK, the Cadbury Committee was asked to review those features of corporate governance especially pertaining to financial reporting and accountability as early in May 1991. This research essay will analyse in detail how the managerial accountability remain the same under corporate governance across various jurisdictions with particular emphasis to the USA , UK and Germany. Analysis What is Managerial Accountability? Stanton (1997) re fers Rosenfield finding on accountability as â€Å"the reasonable holding of one to be liable for personal decisions or to make a rejoinder to a charge where justiability is being ushered by an authority affiliation between the individuals concerned. From two perspectives, the authority relations can be assessed by two angles namely the stakeholder’s theory and the shareholder-value maximisation theory. As per Spira (2001), business organisations and individuals are discharged of their responsible obligations by disseminating the required information on a periodical basis to interested parties5. Business accountability connotes making the management of a company accountable for its performance and it includes making of business decisions on the proper usage of executive authority. Such business judgment can be employed only when the specific information is available. Further, accountability makes certain that the demeanour is compatible with the objects of the business, that it is consistent with the conditions that steer the company’s policy. In a way balancing the impact of the open market, which sets out prices and evaluates the real margin, a system of accountability offers objective yardsticks for administers and consulting performance. To evaluate the managerial accountability, it is necessary to assess the individual performance periodically whether it is the individual director, CEO, the outside auditor, the entire board or its officers and

Thinking How to Quit Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thinking How to Quit Smoking - Essay Example Experts consider smoking as an expression of escapist tendencies, whereby, people result in the use of cigarettes, which induce a sense of wellness despite the lack of wellness. This makes it extremely difficult to stop; therefore, addicts need to prepare themselves both physically and psychologically for the impending challenges (Robinson). Experts qualified in dealing with rehabilitation of addicts from addictive behaviors recommend addicts to outline a list of reasons why they intend to eliminate an addictive habit. They posit that this facilitates the acknowledgement of an existence of a problem. In the case, of someone struggling with an addiction to smoking, the list helps to pinpoint the reasons leading to smoking as an addiction. This plays a crucial role in addressing the psychological implications associated with smoking. The list also serves as a reality check, whereby, an individual discovers the issues which require immediate attention. Eliminating issues responsible for inducing cigarette cravings allows one to be psychologically ready to kick the unhealthy habit to the curb. This also generates the willpower to confront future issues, which might be detrimental to the progress of staying nicotine free. Counselors also encourage individuals to find alternate, constructive ways to deal with these feelings and situations. Experts recommend the designing of a personal help plan, which ought to be unique or specific to an individual’s needs. This customized plan ought to address the intended reasons for quitting smoking. These experts further recommend that copies of the personal help plan ought to be placed in areas which used to be storage places for cigarettes (Robinson). Dealing with the physical addiction also presents an enormous challenge to individuals struggling with the addiction of smoking. During the initial days of quitting, withdrawal symptoms occur frequently. They include; nausea, dizziness, restlessness and headaches among othe rs. Withdrawal symptoms represent the body’s way of indicating deprivation of a certain substance; in this case nicotine. Individuals attempting to quit smoking ought to have prepared well in advance for the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms. Establishing a strong willpower to brave through the withdrawal symptoms marks the first step of preparation. Experts recommend other ways to deal with the withdrawal symptoms resulting from nicotine deprivation. Firstly, they recommend frequent deep inhalation. This allows an individual to remain relaxed despite the discomfort brought about by withdrawal symptoms, which might cause a panic attack. Secondly, they recommend the intake of water in large quantities. Water assists in the flushing of toxins out of the body. In addition, they recommend that individuals in withdrawal ought to keep their sugar levels slightly higher during the initial withdrawal phase. This helps to cater for the sugar-related cravings brought about by the absen ce of nicotine in the body (Health). Experts also recommend that individuals to prepare for the onset of a few extra pounds. They cite exercise and a proper, well-balanced nutrition as one of the ways to shed off the extra pounds or maintain an individual’s desired weight. It is crucial for a person to consult with their physician before embarking on the quitting process especially if they suffer from other

Teaching Standard English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching Standard English - Essay Example The essay is meant for a general audience but it brings up several issues that specifically appear to be addressed to language teachers in America. Christensen explains that the stigma experienced by children brought up in backgrounds not advocating Standard English throughout their school life and beyond negatively impacts on their self-esteem. Using the example of Fred, one of her students, she discusses the fear resulting from societal expectations and the criticisms that sometimes scare learners into not writing at all, rather than risk doing so and end up making errors. Fred has trouble learning because he is too scared to write and when he finally does; his creativity is severely hindered by his obsession with writing the â€Å"correct† English rather than expressing himself. (Christensen 36). Through this case study, the writer is successful in appealing to the audience’s sympathy by depicting Fred as a victim of the societal expectations that are beyond his cont rol. By presenting her argument alongside Fred’s case, she is likely to convince an objective audience of the error of putting too much emphasis on the structure parts of the language as opposed to the functions. Bringing about social change, as she is evidently trying to do with her essay is a complicated affair that requires that one not only creates a rapport with their audience but also convinces them to step outside their previous assumptions and bias about a subject. However by initiating and emotional presenting Fred as a victim and showing his emotional challenge in an objective manner, she forces the reader to open their mind, acknowledge and confront the reality of the underlying problem. She breaks down the whole issue and brings it to a personal level showing the audience that if it can happen to Fred it can happen to any of them or even their children etc. Christensen emphasizes the need for English teachers to be careful when it comes to correcting their student ’s mistakes since the manner in which they do it could negatively impact on their learning process. She mentions how a teacher can learn a lot about their learner’s lives by encouraging them to express themselves through writing, if teachers understood the importance of assisting the students in such expression they will be more conscious of their approaches and pursue learner centred as opposed to language centred teaching methods. For example, students who have been sexually abused could be hiding behind their problems and failing to express or report them; however, given chance to write without being judged based on grammar, teachers can learn their problem and advise them on the appropriate actions they should take. She concludes with an assertion that while it is important for students to learn standard English, they also need to understand why they are learning it, and they should not do it to avoid criticisms, but rather because they want to (Christensen 36). Te aching the rules of Standard English without imparting the need to reflect on them is only likely to force the students to comply out a need to conform rather than the intrinsic desire to learn. At the end of the day, she convinces he reader that the focus of education is in the learners personal and academic development, therefore teachers should ensure they use the educational opportunity assist

Personality Disorders Essay Example for Free

Personality Disorders Essay In this paper I will be discussing how a particular Axis I disorder may relate to a coexisting Axis II disorder. I will explain how an Axis I disorder, can be easily confused with an Axis II disorders. I will compare and contrast, Personality Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Paranoid Type, and explain how I would differentiate the two conditions. I will also compare Obsessive Personality Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and explain the difference between both conditions. Personality Disorders Since the DSM III, the DSM classification has been used to describe the different parts of personality disorder. Every person is different in the way they think, feel and how they relate to others. Some people will have maladaptive personality traits, it becomes a personality disorder when the maladaptive behaviors become a problem and prevent them from leading a normal life. In the DSM –IV personality disorders and mental retardation are diagnosed on Axis II. A personality disorder can predispose a person to suffer with an Axis I disorder. (Widiger, 2003) According to the authors of the multiaxial system they wanted to draw attention to personality disorder because of the â€Å"accumulating evidence that the quality and quantity of preexisting personality disturbance may†¦influence the predisposition, manifestation, course, and response to treatment of various Axis I conditions†. Paranoid Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia Paranoid Personality Disorder is defined in the DSM-V –TR as a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent. (DSM-IV-TR 2005) Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type is defined as a type of schizophrenia in which the following criteria are met: A. Preoccupation with one or more delusion or frequent auditory hallucinations. The two disorders have many similarities but one thing that makes them different is that people that suffer with Paranoid Personality disorder do not have hallucinations. Obsessive -Compulsive Personality Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder is a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal  control. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is defined as a person having either obsessions or compulsions. (DSM-V-TR 2005) People that suffer from OCD suffer from disturbing thoughts, or images and they have obsessions that interfere with their daily life. Some of these behaviors are irrational, ritualistic and repetitive. People that suffer from OCPD are worried about being perfect, and being in control mentally and interpersonally. People who suffer with OCPD are very problematic, unhappy, and experience issues with family, friends, and at work. The main difference in these two disorders is that people with OCD have actual obsessions and compulsions. People with OCDP don’t have obsessions and compulsions. References (2005). DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Widiger, T. (2003, Oct). Personality disorder diagnosis. World Psychiatry, 2(2), 13

Fathers role in molding his sons adolescence

Fathers role in molding his sons adolescence Over the years so many theories have made it evident that the father is a role model to his children, especially his son during the adolescence years. But none have discussed in what manner he affects, what are the domains in which he is influential and what factors play role to have these effects. Even after being the third in the mother-child dyad, how come the father becomes so important once the child is in his/her puberty, more importantly the son. This paper is an attempt to analysis the findings of the earlier studies done in this domain, to summate their findings and conclude the role of the father in molding his adolescent sons life. According to Freudian psychoanalytical view the father is considered to be a fear instigating factor in a sons life due to which he identifies with him. In a research study based psychoanalytical view of role of father as being the one who castrates shows the importance of identification with him as a gender role model for son for healthy development of sexual orientation later in life (Ceccarelli and Horizonte, 2003). This study explains that the lack/absence of a father who demands respect from the son and lay strong secure base for him to project his oedipal complexes by constantly defining limits, can lead to the construction of the nostalgia of the fathers protection as the transformation of this father into the symbolic father and his projection of his need for a father figure onto his sexual partners and also defining his sexual preference (the cases described in the study were of sons who had homosexual orientation). Therefore a male role model needs to be present for the son to develop sexual preferences which invariantly becomes prominent during the pubertal years, as the boy experiences new bodily changes. According to Zoja (2001) in his book The Father: Historical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives with Jungian analytical view, points that a single mother can assume the role of a father in preadolescent years of the child because the woman has been able to reconcile her role of mother with her role of lover, but later due to change in group dynamics and development of concept of gender-identity in adolescent years, need for an actual male father figure arises, for these adolescents form gangs which have a crude and regressive masculine psychology and its unconscious function is to challenge the father just as the gangs of animals are placed in masculine hierarchy. Sipsma, Biello, Cole-Lewis and Kershaw (2010) show that sons of adolescent fathers were 1.8 times more likely to become adolescent fathers than were sons of older fathers, as they l acked proper father figure in their life as their father themselves have not been mature enough to provide them with the strong security which is associated with a father. Adolescent boys with their father-present have higher male sex- role preferences than father-absent boys, though both father-present and father absent adolescent boys imitate male sex-role and female sex-roles which is not in correlation to their sex-role preferences. Moreover the masculine preferences are well established by age seven, more in father-present boys than in father-absent ones (Bandaines, 1976), showing clearly the role model that a father assumes quite early in his sons life. According to findings of Almeida and Galambos (1991), fathers acceptance of adolescent son increases with time, and as they get more involved in each other life, a better understanding may develop helping the adolescent child to deal with his conflicts. Moreover in single-earner families fathers tend to spend more time with the ir sons than their daughter which may be it being easy to identify with the same sex both ways. Thus it is clear that the presence of fathers who involve in their adolescent sons can lead to better feeling of acceptance in the child. Jones, Kramer, Armitage and Williams (2003) showed that the perceived quality of father-son (and mother-son) relation was negatively correlated with psychological separation: better the perceived quality, the less psychologically separated they were. Adolescent boys with non-resident fathers who had more frequent contact with their fathers experienced less psychological separation and more of overall healthy separateness. studies show that males who experience separation from their fathers early in life (before age 5yrs), even though they developed unhindered masculine preferences, experience high rate of low self-esteem and self-confidence, while those who are separated from their fathers later in life due to divorce of parents are less likely to marry and more likely to have common-law relationships (Covell and Turnbull, 1982). Robertson (1999) in his study found out that, variation in family structure, lack sense of attachment to family or parents, lack of shared leisure experiences with adolescent sons beyond age 10yr, and lack of interest in the adolescent sons live, especially by fathers lead to increased rated of delinquency in these boys. In a study done on African-American adolescent males involved in delinquent activities showed that, there was a detrimental effect of low socioeconomic-status on the delinquent activities of father-absent pubertal boys than those living in dual-parent families. Moreover the study showed that the parental monitoring done by the fathers was inversely correlated to the delinquent acts of the adolescent as these adolescent males benefited from being in a dual-parent family where they received paternal supervision besides maternal control (Paschall et al. 2003). With emergence of adolescence, drugs-use becomes a major concern and the experimenting youth become easy prey to such addiction. In such times the father can be a major influential factor in his sons life, who can either make him more prone to adapt to the habit or easy for him to stay away from such indulgence. Brook et. al.(1983) findings show that affectionate, emotionally supportive, attentive, involved in their sons life and engaging in meaningful conversation fathers have sons who dont smoke. Moreover fathers of nonsmokers have higher expectations from their sons and help to cultivate their ideas therefore may be encouraging their need for independence, which foster in their sons a sense of competence and achievement. On the other hand adolescent boys who smoked were unable to identify with their fathers beliefs and values and more identified with the stereotypical macho-masculine roles and that helped them to compensate for the poor paternal masculine role, which tend to spend less quality as well as quantity of time with their sons, and most of them smoke themselves. Apart from these the smokers differed from the nonsmoker adolescent boys on many personality traits; they tend to be less frustration tolerant, less compliant to family situations, less responsible and more rebellious and impulsive. The smoking behavior helps them to compensate for the feeling of low self-esteem, which develops due to a poor paternal role model. In another study Brook et. al (1981) found that adolescent marijuana users are less likely to perceive their fathers as less affectionate and child-centered, and they lack paternal control. Another domain in which fathers make a big contribution to adolescent sons is the area of subjective well-being and values-judgments. James R. Barclay (1980) in his study defines the role of a father in his adolescent sons development of values as that of, the masculine role model, the communicator (listening to different views and offering problem-solving methodologies), the moral model (striving to live somewhere between the absolutist and complete relativist) and the fallible reinforcing agent. Further studies show that fathers support is positively related to the psychological well-being of adolescent boys, especially those who are constantly bullied at school or by their peer group. (Flouri and Buchanan, 2002). In men positive parenting(by both or either parents) influenced psychological functioning by lowering psychological maladjustment in adolescence and increasing the odds of being partnered in midadulthood, it protected against psychological distress by promoting educationa l attainment and physical health in adolescence and young adulthood, and by increasing the odds of being religious and partnered in midadulthood, and it predicted life satisfaction by lowering psychological maladjustment in adolescence. (Flouri, 2003) Thus the involvement of father in a childs adolescent years, especially the son is more important so as to provide him with better gender role; help in developing better self-esteem and confidence, overall feeling of subjective-wellbeing and trust in long term commitments; and thus keeping a check on childs maladaptive behaviors such as that of engaging in early sexual relations, committing delinquency and abusing substances. Refrences: Almeida D. and Galambos N. Examining Father Involvement and the Quality of Father-Son Relations. Journal Of Research in Adolescence. 1991. 1(2), 155-172. Bandaines J. Identification, Imitation and Sex-Role Preference in Father-Present and Father-Absent Black and Chicano Boys. The Journal of Psychology, 1976. 92, 15-24 Barclay, J.R. Values of Adolescent Males and Father-Son Relations. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1980, 267-269 Brook J. et.al. The Role of the Father in His Sons Marijuana Use. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1981. 138, 81-86 Brook J. et.al. Fathers And Sons: Their Relationship And Personality Characteristics Associated With The Sons Smoking Behavior. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1983. 142, 271-281. Covell K. and Turnbull W. The Long Term Effects of Father Absence in Childhood on Male University Students Sex-Role Identity and Personal Adjustment. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1982. 141, 271-276. Ceccarelli and Horizonte, May I Call You Father? Int. Forum Psychoanal., 2003, 12, 195-203 Flouri E. Subjective Well-being in Midlife:The Role of Involvement and Closeness to Parents in Childhood. Journal of Happiness Studies 2004. 5: 335-358. Flouri and Buchanan. Life Satisfaction in Teenage Boys: The Moderating Role of Father Involvement and Bullying. Aggr. Behav. 2002. 28:126-133 Jones et al. The Impact of Father Absence on Adolescent Separation-Individuation. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 2003, 129(1), 73-95 Knafo, A. and Shwartz S.H. Parenting and Adolescents Accuracy in Perceiving Parental Values, Child Development, 2003, Vol.74.2, 595-611 Paschall M., Ringwalt C. and Flewelling R. Effects Of Parenting, Father Absence, And Affiliation With Delinquent Peers On Delinquent Behavior Among African-American Male Adolescents. Adolescence, Spring 2003. 38:149, 15-34 Robertson. Leisure and Family: Perspectives of Male Adolescents who engage in Delinquent activity as Leisure, Journal of Leisure Research. 1999,Vol.31(4), 335-358 Sipsma et al. Like Father, Like Son: The Intergenerational Cycle of Adolescent Fatherhood, American Journal of Public Health, March 2010, Vol. 100.3, 517-524. Zoja, Luigi. The Father : Historical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives. Taylor Francis Routledge, 2001 .

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Essay -- Jekyll Hyde

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson This novella, although unapparent, is intertwined with many allegorical undertones. Stevenson uses the book to criticise Victorian society and its hypocritical existence. The most significant thematic concern of the novella is the continually revisited theme of the duality of man and the camouflaged evil that lies deep within the human race. Stevenson was writing before the period in which the great psychologist Sigmund Freud was researching the human mind, so in some ways Stevenson was ahead of his time in resolving the 'mystery of the mind'. Stevenson's novella, after being added to by his wife on the book's revision, contained much evidence of these theories of the human psyche. Armed with this weapon, Stevenson used the novella to attack the hypocritical ways of the Victorian society he lived in. The theme plays on the idea of a part of the unconscious, the 'id'. The id is the Hyde part of a human, which is of course repressed, undeveloped and primitive, with the taste for hunting and sex. Then on the other hand is the 'superego', your conscience and morality, with the "floater" between the two, the 'ego'. Jekyll stresses that, "man is not truly one, but truly two." This all links to the theme of hypocrisy in Victorian society. Jekyll admits, "...and it was as a secret sinner that I at last fell before the assaults of temptation." Stevenson tries to reveal the double lives that were being lived around this era. Some critics believe that this is a self-confession of Stevenson's sinful past. Jekyll is the perfect representation of hypocrisy, as he is described as the "spotless Jekyll" yet continuously lying to Utterson and one could argue, soci... ...en to partake in his, "scientific balderdash". One more symbol is apparent. The key to the laboratory is a symbol of power and authority and in this case, the key holds satanic power, therefore Hyde is the one who has the power to change back into Jekyll. When Utterson and Poole search for the key and fail to find it, they cannot overcome evil. This also means that they do not have access to evil, as they are sinless in the story. It is clear that Jekyll started with selfish intentions when he strived for a better self, this is why the experiment only stripped Jekyll of the Jekyll veneer, leaving the Hyde interior. And that Jekyll is in fact a host for the constant bombardment of metaphors, especially with hypocrisy as Jekyll represents hypocrisy and the Victorian society itself. "In Hyde, you have no Jekyll but in Jekyll, you always have some Hyde"

Group Research Paper- Online Platforms Essay

According to Thompson virtual team is any task-focused group that meets without all members necessarily being physically present or working at the same time (Thompson, 2011 p.). According to the article, The Knowledge Advantage of Virtual Teams Processes Supporting Knowledge Synergy, it has been previously argued that virtual teams emerged as a new organizational form of ‘working together apart’. However, their novelty has been attributed to the use of technologically advanced communications rather than to their organizational properties (Ratcheva, 2008). Therefore, we can see the importance of having a good platform the Ford Company Virtual Team Communication. As a team, we review five online platforms of our choice that we believed could be used for Ford Company virtual team to communicate with their worldwide divisions. The team came together and created a grading platform based on the following six criteria: Technology Features Offered, Design and Customization, Security and Access for (Global/Region Capabilities), Viewing and Moving Content, Accessibility and User Friendly. Each criterion was out of five points for a total of 30 possible points. I believe that Ford Company should use the platform because the team considers all possible features when creating the grading platform. We review and discuss what features would be needed in order for a global team to function virtually without any difficulty. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the online platforms that could be used by the virtual team and the team rating of each platform and the reasons for the ratings. Microsoft Outlook According to the official sites of Microsoft, Outlook is a personal information managers and the software is available as a part of the Microsoft Office. The software is used as an email application. It includes a calendar, task manager, contact manager, note taking, a journal, and web browsing (Microsoft Corporation.com/ Outlook). The article, Information overload, explains that Outlook does have powerful features, such as sharing of workgroup calendars, and as it is the standard, you will find add-on programs like NEO a brilliant application that organizes Outlook mailboxes the way they should have been by Microsoft, and makes searching so much easier. However, the article explains that Outlook can also be hazardous for your data because the PST files into which Outlook bundles email, appointments and contacts will corrupt once they grow beyond 2GB. The article explain that it can be repair, but you will lose at least some and if you are unlucky, all of your data. Therefore, Outloo k has it advantages and disadvantages. The Team rate outlook as the least favorite and it received an 18 out of 30 because Microsoft Outlook is great for email, calendar events, and sending documents. There is no chat feature or face-to-face option and it may be hazardous for your data. Since, Ford Motor Company need this platform for it virtual team to communicate with their worldwide divisions the team will need to used some time of chat, face-to-face options therefore Outlook is not the right choice for the company. Facebook According to the official website of Facebook, the company mission is to make the world more open and connected. In addition, the site explain that people use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover what’s going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them (Facebook Newsroom Key-Fats, 2013). Facebook Platform enables developers to build social apps that enable people to connect with their friends, whether it is through playing a game, watching a movie, sharing their favorite restaurant, or listening to a song (Facebook Newsroom Platform, 2013). Based on the Team grading platform Facebook received an overall 19 out of 30. The Team found that Facebook is great for communication and maybe sharing documents but the site is not built for professional communication since there seems to always be hackers breaking into the system. Therefore, the team feels that for business communication Facebook cannot be trusted. According to the article, Contextual gaps: privacy issues on Facebook, Facebook present significant privacy issues for their users, the article analyze two of Facebooks’s features, Applications and News Feed Offline, it was found that contextual gaps are at the root of many of the sites’ privacy issues. In addition, the article explains that the application, which nearly invisibly shares not just a users’, but also a user’s friends’ information with third parties, clearly violates standard norms of information flow. Furthermore, the article concluded by saying that many of the privacy issues on Facebook are primarily design issues, which could be ameliorated by a n interface that made the flows of information more transparent to users (Hull, Lipford & Latulipe, 2011). Additionally, this article tiles, Facebook & Your Privacy. (cover story) explains that â€Å"Facebook collects and shares data in ways that the consumer is often unaware, such as third-party applications, links from other web resources, and facial recognition software for shared photographs. Threats posed by Facebook use include threats and harassment by other users, hacking, and monitoring of personal data by employers, college admissions, or insurers† ( 2012). Therefore, the team concluded that Facebook was not a viable option for Ford Motor Company team communication platform. LinkedIn According to the official’s sites of LinkedIn, LinkedIn is the social network for work professionals created by Reid Hoffman in 2002 and currently the network has about 161 million professionals worldwide. In addition, when individuals joined LinkedIn, they get access to people, jobs, news, updates, and insights that help them be great at what you do (LinkedIn about us, 2013). Based on the Team grading platform LinkedIn received an overall 22 out of 30. The reason for this is because LinkedIn is mostly for Job seekers and to connect with other professionals. According to this article, LinkedIn Corporation, The firm operates an online professional network designed to help members find jobs, connect with other professionals, and locate business opportunities (LinkedIn Corporation). Therefore, it does not have all the necessary tools needed for Ford Motor Company team communication. Microsoft SharePoint According to the article, Enhancing Project Management with Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007, Microsoft SharePoint is a technology platform that can be configured and customized to play a number of roles in an organization. The advantages of this platform are numerous because the software provides an environment for project management since a project manager can use the software to manage his team collaboration, control project documents, structure project workflow, manage risks, track project’s progress, or share information with the stakeholders (2010). In addition, as a company grows so does the amount documents the company has, therefore, it become difficult to keep track of the increase documents and their locations. SharePoint defeat this by allowing users to store and share files in a central site. The team rating of Microsoft SharePoint was 25 out of 30 it was the second favorite because of all the features it has. However, it true the software allows users to share documents but there is no interactive feature. Furthermore, the article The Disadvantages of Microsoft SharePoint 2007 as a Document Management System, explains, that â€Å"One of the key features most DMS/CMS systems offer are document level options like redaction and document mark-ups. SharePoint does not provide this functionality as it relies on its Microsoft Office suite for document manipulation† (Steward, 2008). Therefore, we can conclude that some of the key features needed for virtual communication is missing from this platform. Google According to the article, Datamonitor: Google Inc., Google has a wide portfolio of offerings, The company currently offers include search, operating systems and platforms, and enterprise products. It maintains a vast index of websites and other online content, and makes it available through Google.com, the company’s search engine, to anyone with an internet connection. In addition, the company’s application tools allow users to create, share, and communicate user-generated information. Some of Google’s applications products include Google Docs, Google Calendar, Gmail, Google Groups, Google Reader, Orkut, Blogger, Google Sites, and YouTube (2011). Furthermore, the article title, Google Voice, talks about a new software release in 2011 call Google Voice. This device is a hybrid phone/internet service. The article explains that what makes Google Voice worthwhile are all of the extra features namely voice mail, free SMS, free calls to anywhere in the U.S., cheap international calls, custom greetings, conference calling, call history, voice transcription to text, email and SMS notifications, the ability to hear who is calling before you pick up, the ability to block unwanted calls, the ability to record phone calls and store them online, the ability to forward, embed, or download voice mails, and the fact that all of these features are managed through an intuitive, centralized interface styled after Gmail that can be accessed from any computer, any telephone, or any mobile browser (Johnson, 2010). Therefore, the team gave Google 27 out of 30 because Google has a lot of features, the email platform has chat capabilities, share documents, photos, and videos, and requests via calendar. In addition, Google + feature allow video chat, and they all are available on mobile, PC, or tablet. That is the reasons that Google received the highest rating out of the five platforms, because it offers every features a virtual team possibly need. Conclusion Having a good platform for the Ford Company virtual team is very important in order the virtual team to succeed. Therefore, Group 1 has come up with a grading criterion that take under consideration all the features needed for a virtual team to success when it comes to a communication platforms. The group did a throughout evaluation of what is needed when communicating virtually and comes up with five platforms. Then each platforms went through a completely evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages. After a complete evaluation Google platform were found to be the best because of all the features it offer to it customer when it come to virtual communication.

Life in the Country Verse Life in the City

Life in the City VS. Life in the Country Even though amenities are more accessible when you live in a big city, it is healthier to live in the country because of the differences in culture and the surroundings. It is healthier and safer to live in the country rather than in the city for a number of reasons, one being that there is less congestion out in the country. With congestion and over population of a city brings gangs and violence. With gangs come drugs, killings, and murders.People become very territorial when a space is over crowed or congested. It was reported that last year in the first week of summer in Battle Creek, Michigan, there was a total of 13 shootings all related to either gangs or drugs. When you live out in the country there are less people living right on top of each other. There isn’t a large amount of crime and acts of violence, because people have their space and they respect others space as well. They don’t feel as though they have to fight to keep what they have because there is plenty to go around.With that being said it is my personal opinion that with more space there is less drama that would build up the kinds of animosity that would make someone want to commit murder. Which is why growing up in the country I can’t remember a time when we had to make certain that our doors and windows were locked, that goes for both our home and our vehicles. Not only is there an increase in crime there is also an increase in pest, rodents, and critters. There are more cases of cockroach infestations in a larger city then there is out in the country that is all because of the congestion.Having to live with cockroaches creates a major health hazard because of the risks posed by cockroach antigens for people who suffer from asthma, also because they carry disease-causing germs. Some of the methods people traditionally use to eliminate them cause additional health hazards. Pesticides are never healthy to breathe in to even inges t. If you put down bate to kill them you risk them tracking it all over your home. If you have pets you have to worry about them consuming it before the cockroaches.Another way people commonly try to treat a cockroach infestation is to bomb their house. There is a reason you can’t be home for this kind of treatment, and why you need to open all the windows in your home at least an hour before you can return. It is very harmful to breathe in. Cockroach antigens are made up of proteins that can be found in the insect’s saliva, feces, eggs, and shredded cuticles. These antigens can cause allergic reactions and asthmatic episodes when they are inhaled because they are airborne.According to health house, â€Å"A large study supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has demonstrated conclusively that the combination of cockroach allergy and exposure to the insects is an important cause of asthma-related illness and hospitalizations among children in U. S. inner-city areas. † There is a major difference in the surroundings that can affect a person’s health from living in a larger city versus living in the country. The food that we consume in a larger city is so full of preservatives and additives. There are more fast food restaurants available for a quick meals.Some of the side effects of eating out and ordering in all of the time include high cholesterol, and clogged arteries. The majority of foods found out in the country are organic, because they are home grown. Living in the country as a child we always had a garden with fresh vegetables. Another difference is the air that we breathe when living in a larger city, because there are so many fast food chains and factories, there is higher pollution in the air. For extremely larger cities like Chongqing, Beijing, and Shanghai they have smog alerts where you have to wear a protective mask to prevent you from breathing in harmful pollutants.When you live in the country you’re not at risk of this because there aren’t as many factories creating these pollutants, so the air is crisp and fresh. The worst thing you have to worry about in the country is when farmers lay down the fertilizer for their crops that is an unpleasant smell. One good thing about living in a larger city as opposed to living out in the country would be that there are hospitals. When you live out in the country there aren’t as many hospitals available to you.Just like with everything else there is so much more open space and less people, which create less reasons and finances to have a hospital, because there are fewer reasons for health risks and that you are less likely to have to rush off to an emergency room, doesn’t mean that there shouldn’t be one close by you never know what might happen. A farmer might get his hand caught in a machine while trying to perform routine maintenance. A child could ingest some sort of chemicals s uch as pesticides. This would have to be the only down fall I can see about life in the country versus living in a large city.However for an extreme emergency there is always an option of having an air lift. You can also still call 911 and have an ambulance out to your place maybe even sometimes faster than if you were living in the city just because there is less traffic. There are always going to be things that challenge our health, wellness, and survival; however, the risks are higher living in the city as opposed to living in the country for two main reasons. First when living in the city there is so much more congestion, overcrowding, and diversity that can bring out the worst in people; in this case, the worst of these brought out are drugs and violence.When you live out in the country you don’t have to worry about these kinds of things as much. The second thing that challenges our health and wellness is what we consume. The air that we breathe to the nourishment we giv e to our bodies. We are not perfect but the little things that we can change to improve our situation the closer we can come to optimal health and wellness. References americanlungassociation. com battlecreekenquire. com healthhouse. com

Isolation in “a Rose for Emily” and “the Yellow Wallpaper”

â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman are two well written short stories that entail both similarities and differences. Both short stories were written in the late 1800’s early 1900’s and depict the era when women were viewed less important than men. The protagonist in each story is a woman, who is confined in solitary due to the men in their lives. The narrator in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the mutual voice of the townspeople of Jefferson, while Emily Grierson is the main character in the story that undergoes a sequence of bad events. The unnamed, female narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is also the main character whose journal we read. This difference in tense gives each story a different outlook on the situations at hand. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† we get the thoughts and actions of the unnamed narrator as she sees it, while in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† we get Emily’s thoughts form dialogue and her actions from the narration of the townspeople. A comparison between the protagonist in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† enables readers to interpret the main character’s isolation from their community and state of mind. In each section of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the narrator goes back and forth in time telling stories of Miss Emily’s life. Emily’s father was a controlling man who ran off all prospect men of Emily’s (Faulkner 77). This caused Emily to be an unhappy, middle-aged, single woman who was the talk of the town. Miss Emily isolated herself from all people, except having a male Negro housekeeper who ran all her errands and took care of her house. According to Floyd C. Watkins’ â€Å"The Structure of ‘A Rose For Emily’ in Modern Language Notes, â€Å"The inviolability of Miss Emily’s isolation is maintained in the central division, part three, which no outsider enters her home† (509). In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† it is revealed at the beginning of the story that the unnamed female narrator is â€Å"sick† or depressed, and therefore is taken far away from people she knows to rest and get better (Gilman 408). From Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, Paula A. Treichler’s â€Å"Escaping the Sentence: Diagnosis and Discourse in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’† informs readers â€Å"The narrator is forbidden to engage in normal social conversation [†¦] and avoid expressing negative thoughts and expressions about her illness† (61). Although both women were isolated, Emily isolated herself while the unnamed narrator was forcefully isolated. In both short stories the main character is judged by the surrounding people: Emily as a conceited, ill woman, and the unnamed narrator as a â€Å"sick†, depressed woman. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the townspeople were extremely nosey and very judgmental about how people should live there life. Watkins argues â€Å"The contrast between Emily and the townspeople and between her home and her surroundings is carried out by the invasion of her home by the adherents of the new order in the town† (509). Also it is displayed sometime after Emily’s father died when she went to the druggist and ordered arsenic to kill rats (Faulkner 78-79). â€Å"†¦The next day we [the townspeople] all said, ‘She will kill herself’; and we [the townspeople] said it would be the best thing (Faulkner 79). In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the unnamed narrator is judged by her family and friends. In the introduction of the story the unnamed narrator reveals that her husband, also a physician, belittles her illness and her general thoughts of life (Gilman 408). â€Å"If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression–a slight hysterical tendency–what is one to do? † (Gilman 408). The narrator is left in the â€Å"colonial mansion† for the summer, not seeing anyone except her husband, John, John’s sister, Jennie, who takes care of the narrator and the house, and some family members who came to visit for a short while. By the end of each story we realize that both Emily and the unnamed narrator are clearly insane. After Emily’s death and funeral, the nosey townspeople enter her home and break down a locked away room that had not been entered in forty years (Faulkner 80). In the room they found the decaying body of Homer Barron, the man that she wished to marry (81). â€Å"The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him† (Faulkner 81). A â€Å"long strand of iron-gray hair† was on the pillow next to him, indicating that Emily is the result of this tragedy (Faulkner 81). Although the townspeople had always thought of Emily as crazy, this finally proved them right. Throughout â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† it is noted that the unnamed narrator is ill. After being secluded in the upstairs room, â€Å"the yellow wallpaper comes to occupy the narrator’s entire reality† affirming her loss of sanity and isolation from the world (Treichler 62). â€Å"There are things in that wallpaper that nobody knows about but me. †¦] And it is like a woman stooping down and creeping about that pattern† (Gilman 413). The unnamed narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† had torn down all the wallpaper and locked herself in the room in order to get the woman out from behind the wallpaper (Gilman 417). It is interpreted that the woman behind the wallpaper is actually the narrator’s shadow. T he parallel enabling comparison and contrast between the main characters in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† reveals separation, seclusion, and depression as a result of life circumstances. While differences of circumstances exist in the compared short stories, resemblances permit readers to observe events leading to associations between the two protagonists. According to reviews, isolation by both characters is exposed as an entry into the short stories. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† review by Treischler, the confirmation of the unnamed narrator being isolated is affirmed stating â€Å"The narrator of ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ has come with her husband to an isolated country estate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (62). The review of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by Watkins verifies the isolation of Emily when he communicates â€Å"†¦she withdraws more and more until her own death again exposes her to the townspeople. † (509). The short stories â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† possess protagonist as the main character that reveal connections of separation enabling associations between the two characters. Work Cited Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily. † Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Fourth Compact Edition. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008, 75-81. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. † Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Fourth Compact Edition. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008, 408-418. Treichler, Paula A. â€Å"Escaping the Sentence: Diagnosis and Discourse in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’. † Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature. 3. 5 (1984): 61-77. JSTOR. Web. 11 March 2010. Watkins, Floyd C. â€Å"The Structure of ‘A Rose for Emily’. † Modern Language Notes. 69. 7 (1954): 508-510. JSTOR. Web. 16 February 2010.

Processing & Packaging of a Specified Prepared Chilled Food Product Assignment

Processing & Packaging of a Specified Prepared Chilled Food Product - Assignment Example Such chain incorporates consumer refrigerators and retail displays. The chilled food must be microbiologically safe at the consumption point by controlling pathogens that lead to food-born disorders. The integrity of the entire food chain determines the quality and safety of chilled food including storage and preparation by the consumers. However, the diversity of raw material, conditions for processing and packaging system presents impossibility for designing the effective single framework for microbiological safety. Manufacturers have hard tasks to comply with legislation and safety requirements (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods. 2005). They must ensure raw material quality, temperature, acidity, water, modified temperature and hygienic processing. Such consideration collapse into designing sufficient control of microbiological growth. Thus, preventing food spoilage and development of conditions that facilitate the occurrence of food-borne diseas es. The manufacturer must, therefore, determine the effective choice and merger of such safety elements to hit an optimum shelf life for products. Further, the manufacturer establishes product usage conditions that ensure food safety for consumer utilization. The product that I will discuss in this essay is Pizza Dough. The dough is a lean, yeast-leavened bread-type dough. It is similar to the French bread and Middle Eastern flat breads. The Pizza crusts or shell fall under thin or thick crust. There may be a variation in the formulation of crust based on makeup equipment, desired eating properties, and thickness. However, the commercial and wholesale Pizza dough has a higher level of fats that help with the greater speed dough processing. The ingredients include flour, yeast, shortening or vegetable oil, salt, water and sugar. There are also a number of optional ingredients such as reducing agents, mold inhibitors, and

A STEEPLE analysis of the UK motor car market or the UK supermarket Essay

A STEEPLE analysis of the UK motor car market or the UK supermarket sector - Essay Example In the second part, two examples of human resource management (HRM) in the supermarket sector will be presented, to demonstrate human resource (HR) professionals’ responses to changes in the environmental contexts. Part 1: STEEPLE Analysis of the United Kingdom’s Supermarket Sector STEEPLE is a valuable instrument facilitating the use of appropriate strategy and practices by Human Resource professionals and senior managers, in response to the changing external circumstances impacting organisations. Environmental analysis is considered as the key element in strategic analysis for corporate planning. Several of the external variables identified by the STEEPLE analysis, will present opportuniites, while many will pose threats. Hence, it is necessary to â€Å"distil out of the complexity the key environmental impacts for the purposes of strategic choice† (Kew and Stredwick, 2005, p.205). Strategic choice involves the creation and evaluation of strategic options, and the logical or political selection of strategy, to effectively manage the key drivers of external forces, with a focus on the microeconomic environment. STEEPLE Linkages with UK Supermarket Sector Leading supermarket chains Marks & Spencer and Waitrose founded in 1884 and 1904 respectively, are among the highly successful retail businesses, which have changed organisational strategies with shifts in external drivers related to the STEEPLE concept. Similarly, the four biggest chains in the UK: Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury and Morrison’s also deal with the same external forces as the smaller retail chains across the country. Among the STEEPLE external forces, changes in Sociocultural factors affects United Kingdom’s supermarkets, with changing demographics found in greater ethnic diversity, and increasing percentage of the elderly population (Datamonitor, 2009), as well as greater health consciousness, product awareness, selectivity and austerity among people. Similarly, techn ological advancements in information and communication support the provision of greater reach (Meneely, Burns and Strugnell, 2009; SAS, 2012), and more efficient service. For example, ASDA Supermarket’s online evolution has led to its highly successful ASDA@Home Website (Khosrowpour, 2006). While consumers acquire increasing power through access to information and the availability of greater choices, retailers’ power declines. â€Å"New technology fuels rise in m-commerce by all age groups and empowers voice of the consumer† (SAS, 2012, p.3). Bryan (2004) reiterates that there is increasing competition for gaining customer loyalty among manufacturers, suppliers and retailers. Waitrose has acquired tremendous customer support due to its minimizing the environmental impacts of its business, while maximizing economic outcomes such as â€Å"better prices for suppliers, better value for consumers† (Warrier, 2010, p.31), as well as social effects such as better conditions and wages. According to Farnham (2010), the economic factors that impact UK supermarkets relate mainly to the microeconomic environment including the product market, the competitive structure and nature of competition. Fair-traded products are preferred by the increasingly well-informed clientele. These are â€Å"